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Anthony Andrew Bushong: Part 1
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The Pioneer
Anthony Andrew Bushong
Part 1: Germany to Pennsylvania
By Rick Bushong, 2013
Integrated with Nicholas' article: May, 2018
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Part 1: Germany to Pennsylvania
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A 1698 French Map of North America by Louis Hennepin.
Animated with liberties-for large original map click to enlarge.
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Anthony Andrew Bushong
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Johan Anton Andreas Boschŭng
January 30, 1717-about 1790
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Maria Catrina Bushong
____-before 1754 |
*From church books - in the clerics hand.
Married about 1744, (first wife)
Their Children
- John Henry Bushong
- Maria Julian Bushong
- Andrew Bushong
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  *
Andrew Bushong Catherine Bushong
About 1744-1817
*From church books - in the clerics hand.
Married November 6, 1759, (second wife)
Their Children
- John Bushong
- Jacob Bushong
- George Bushong
- Henry Bushong
- Valentine Bushong
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On what was said to be a sunny day in the fall of 1732, a tiny ship sailed into the Philadelphia Harbor. It was the "John and William" and aboard with his parents and siblings was a young boy, Andreas Boschung. Only fifteen, he was hungry and very likely scared and sick. There was no telling what kind of life the future held for this boy. Then cruelly, within a couple of weeks, he would find himself orphaned as well. Yet from such an inauspicious beginning in his new country, Andrew would become the founder of one of the two great American Bushong family branches. He grew into manhood and chose a life of pioneering. It was to be a frequently dangerous journey that would span many paths, seven decades. and remarkably, three daring voyages across the Atlantic Ocean. Today, over three hundred years after his birth, Andrew's story may have become veiled by time, but he clearly overcame the many challenges and hardships. Because ultimately Andrew did succeed on the American frontiers of Virginia, Tennessee and Kentucky. The results are a family that has thrived and multiplied into thousands!
One of the churches Andrew attended, the Waldfischbach Church. The church in Schmalenberg would not be built until 1767.
Photo by Gabriele Delhey, from Wikipedia. |
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Andrew Bushong, the immigrant and pioneer, was born Johan Anton Andreas Boschŭng, or Anglicized Anthony Andrew Bushong, on a Saturday, January 30, 1717, in Schmalenberg, Súdwestpfalz, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany.2 His parents, also German-born, were Johann Nicholas Boschung and Anna Magdalena Schaffner and they baptized their new baby February 5, 1717,1; 2; View original. at the Reformed Parish in Schopp, which was about five miles (7.7 km), away from their village.
Colonial period German naming patterns indicate that in this case, the "Johan" was added as a traditional affirmation of Christian faith and in civic records, he went by his middle name. Andrew was the second child of six for Nicholas and Magdalena. Though his father was born in Germany, his ancestry was not German, but rather German-Swiss. This was a heritage passed down by Andrew's grandfather, Hans Boschung III, from Oberwil, Simmental, Bern, Switzerland. The German-Swiss share a language and customs that originated with the Germanic tribes centuries before and they are unique to the region. His mother, Magdalena, on the other hand was born and raised as was Andrew, in Schmalenberg.1; View original
Before Andrew's birth, his mother and father had sadly lost a young daughter, Maria Barbara, (the first), who was born November 15 1715.1; 2; View Original. But her passing meant Andrew, who was a "first born son," would assume the role of the oldest. In other words, he was the "big brother." For fifteen years Andrew lived and grew up in the tiny village of Schmalenberg. The village was so small it would not be until 1769 that there were enough residents to build their own church.4 Nicholas and his family's Protestant faith was very important to them and for Sunday worship, baptisms, as well as the children's confirmations, they traveled to local villages with a church. One they were known at was the Schopp Parish about five miles (7.7 km), and another was the parish in Waldfischbach, less than seven miles (11 km) away.2 In fact at Easter Service on March 25, 1731, Andrew was confirmed at fourteen years old in the Waldfischbach Parish.3 It was likely their last Easter in their home. Because that year his uncle Hans and his family, would have just departed or would be in the process of leaving. Next year it would be his family's turn. Andrew's grandfather, Hans Boschung III, had immigrated to Pennsylvania years before, in around 1719, and was a landowner.5 It seems likely their father, Andrew's grandfather, may have written and enticed the two brothers to come and bring their families to America too. So following them, in the spring of 1732 young Andrew with his parents, two brothers and two sisters, left their home in Schmalenberg and journeyed to America.5
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A First Voyage to America |
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Copy of the original Pink John & William Ships Manifest. Andreas Panshon is number 35, (below Magdalena).
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The family settled in Lancaster County. They along with many other Pennsylvania Dutch, ended up in what later became, the township of Upper Leacock, which incidentally adjoins East Lampeter. In his new country, even though Andrew spoke no English, he translated his name, Andreas and Anglicized the spelling of Boschung. He became known as Andrew Bushong. Of course the spelling of his surname's suffix varied a bit through the years, but it was most often spelled with the traditional "ong." From time to time, he would revert back to Andreas, depending on whether he was with his German kinsmen or "die Engländer" (the Englishmen). He also on occasion used his first name, Anthony.
Except Andrew's life in America surely did not start like he had thought it would and he likely had to bury both parents within a week or so of coming to Lancaster. Because it sadly appears both of his parents were caught by the 1732-1733 influenza pandemic and shortly died,6; 7 as discussed in more detail in Nicholas' chapter.Read here. For us, one unusual fact confirms their rapid demise beyond a doubt, as well as a couple of other points. Andrew is reported with land sixteen short months after his arrival and at seventeen years old!8; 9 By colonial law minors until age of 21 could not enter into a legal contract, including land transactions.10; 11
Of course, if a father or someone willed their property to a minor, when they died, it resulted in the minor's immediate ownership regardless of age.
Likewise, the land of an intestate person would pass immediately to a specific heir, even if they were a minor, under the law of succession. 10; 11 As an example of this, also in Lancaster County, there is the young Samuel Hess, a minor, who was issued a land patent in 1739 at the age of eight. This happened following Samuel's father, Hans Hess' unexpected 1733 death. In his case, when the loan on a 320 acres property, in Conestoga (later called Pequea Township), was satisfied in 1739, young Samuel was issued his patent.12 This is undoubtedly what occurred with Andrew. When Nicholas died the land that he had either inherited or purchased passed directly to Andrew, making him a seventeen year old land owner.
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Colonial Pennsylvania.
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However, it was not only Andrew who owned land, uncle Hans did too and had his as of February 1734, 29 months after his immigration. But what about his and Nicholas' father's place, his plantation? Hans John Bushong III had been in America for years, since before 1719. It is more plausible and a simpler explanation that the land Andrew and uncle Hans ended up with was his. So ultimately, the property would have been inherited from Hans John III, who we can agree died before 1734. It is possible old John passed on earlier than 1731 when Han immigrates. Or maybe in the 1732-1733 epidemic. Regardless, for Andrew to have property, means Nicholas and his grandfather had both died. There is simply no other possible interpretation.
It is difficult to make civic records, as a minor, and lacking any guardianship papers, we can only say, for the next few years Andrew and his siblings lived quietly on their Plantation. His property could not be sold until after January 20, 1738 when he turned 21. In 1743, according to church records Andrew's sister, Julian, was married, to Martin Meixel.13 Julian might have lived with her brothers and helped with the household. But at any rate, in about 1744, Andrew married a Maria Catrina, (maiden name not known). The marriage record has not yet been found, but their union is proven with two children's baptismal records. Once married, the 28 year old, Andrew and Maria, started their family, and in the First Reformed Church, in Lancaster County, their first son, John Henry Bushong was baptized on February 17, 1745.14; 15
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War in 1746 - Pressed Into The Militia
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But by 1746, war had started and Andrew was caught up in the conflict. He was "enlisted" in the King's Army and noted in their records.16; 17 But also from period advertisements in Ben Franklin's Pennsylvania Gazette, there is much that can be gleaned of Andrew's military record, such as it is.18; 19; 20
The conflict was called King George's War, after King George II, who had restarted the "on and off again" war with France and thus began the third of four French and Indian Wars. With attacks on settlers by Indians in New York area, all the settlements were evacuated back to the relative security of Albany.21 The King and his colonial advisers wanted to attack Quebec, and to do this, the formation of four companies was ordered, June of 1746, issuing orders to be outfitted as soon as possible.22; 23 One of the chosen Captains, who was raising a company, was John Diemer. His records show that he recruited troops, all through June and July and the first week of August and eventually raised 100 men. What they do not show is what enticed men to join. Was it patriotism or were a good part of them grabbed and forced, in other words, pressed into service? How ever it happened, Capt. Diemer's final drive for troops was in full force, and in his last week of "recruiting", when on Aug 5, Andrew was "enlisted". From Diemer's enlistment records... "Bartram, Andrew, 28, enlisted Aug 5 1746, from Switzerland, a cooper".16; 17
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The June 5, 1746 military commission for John Diemer. Commissioned a captain Diemer is authorized "....to beat up for Volunteers within the said Government in order to raise a Company which is to consist of one hundred Men including four Sergeants, Four Corporals and Two Drummers, of which you are to be Captain, Provided you shall compleat your Levy in time for Marching the said Company to Albany for an Expedition against Canada."sic
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The Royal Militia at the time was a rough life and there were few volunteers,
so more extreme measures were needed to fill the ranks.
..."powers were given by the British government to allow the forcible enlistment of vagrants and vagabonds. Some of these powers were abused by recruiting officers desperate to fill their quotas, ...as the army was not a popular profession, with low pay, flogging and other barbarous disciplinary measures. The army's recruiting methods and treatment of its soldiers would remain the same for the rest of the 18th century." Wikipedia
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Ben Franklin's Pennsylvania Gazette provided
much day to day news, as well as
advertisements for ship's arrivals and reporting
deserters. This one from 1729.
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Diemer eventually got Andrew's real last name, as seen later in the Gazette advertisements.18; 19; 20 But Andrew's wife, Maria, was eight months pregnant and they also had a son under two years old. Knowing that, it seems unlikely that Andrew would volunteer to leave his family.25 A much more believable scenario is, Andrew was pressed into service by a desperate Capt. Diemer who, in the final week of his recruitment, was grabbing anyone of age. Diemer also of German descent, was a celebrated physician where he lived, on the banks of the Skippack Creek, near Providence Township, but it is obvious he was not very discerning if he would take a man away from a pregnant wife, leaving her defenseless.25
Capt. Diemer and the Company were ordered to Albany and they marched off on September 4, arriving almost two months later, October 30, 1746.22 Albany is more than 270 miles away from Cocalico and it is doubtful Andrew went with them, because Sept. 5, 1746 he and Maria's (noted as Mary Catrina) daughter, Maria Julian Bushong was born in Cocalico, in Lancaster County. She was baptized at the Lutheran Reformed Congregation, Muddy Creek, East of Cocalico, in Lancaster County.24 But Andrew may have gotten permission to stay, in other words, gone on leave, since when the first known advertisement about Diemer's deserters appears, September 11, 1746, Andrew is not listed with the seven names.20 The reward, by the way, was 40 Shillings (2£) in this ad. But by October, an advertisement appeared in the Pennsylvania Gazette, offering a 3£ (3 pounds) reward for the return of deserters, including Andrew.21
In the mean while, the King's Army, including Capt. Diemer and their grand plans of a Quebec invasion, had to be scrapped when in the summer of 1746, news of a large French invasion fleet came to light. It was the largest
fleet sent against the American continent to date and was organized in France under the command of the "duc
d'Anville". The expedition was composed 20 warships, 21 frigates, and 32 transport ships, containing 800 cannons, 3,000 soldiers, and 10,000 marines. The outcome of the invasion amounted to nothing, due to many problems including a prolonged crossing with several storms and the death of the duc d'Anville.21 But nevertheless, the threat and eventual presence of the fleet put England on the defensive. Diemer and Andrew's company stayed in Albany, New York, and were never to fight. The company was dissolved at the end of their one year enlistment.21 But Andrew had likely stayed home because, as illustrated by the series of Pennsylvania Gazette advertisements that began October 10, 1746, looking for him and the other deserters. On October 30, they published this, with Andrew's description....
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"Deserted from Captain Diemer's company, the following men, with their arms," ......
...."Andrew Bushon, a Swiss, aged 28 years, a cooper by trade, of palish colour."18
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Over nine months after his initial enlistment, advertisements were still being published, asking for his return. One
is found on May 7 and another on May 28, 1747. Below is the May 7 edition....
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"Deserted from Captain John Diemer company of foot, now lying at Albany, the following men, viz. William Echard, born in Germany, aged 33 years, and lived in Lancaster. Nicholas Fye, a German, and lived also in Lancaster. Jacob Wirt, and George Fantz, Germans, both lived on Society Hill, Philadelphia Joseph Shaw, Dennis Carrol, Roger Mountain, John Burns. alias Philip Campbell, all Irishmen, lived in Lancaster County. James Lackey, an Irishman, a short, thick, well set William Hart, an Englishman, lived near Germantown, by trade a sawyer. Anthony Bushong, lived in Lancaster county, by trade a cooper. George Groff, Johannes Rittenbaum, and George Rerer, Germans, lived at Tolpehocken. Arthur Macdonald, an Irishman, by trade a inker. Isaac Daniel, an Irishman, lived near Germantown. Whoever takes up and secures any of the said deserters, and gives information to the Subscriber, at the Post Office, Philadelphia, or to the said Capt. Diemer, so that they may be brought to his company, shall have Three Pounds reward for each.
W. Franklin.27; 28
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Obviously Andrew was not the only one to desert Capt. Diemer, as there are 15 other men on the list. The company only had 100 men to start. Incidentally, it was Benjamin Franklin's son, William Franklin, who was an ensign with Andrew in Diemer's, Company and it was he who placed the ad. Franklin, just 16 or 17 years old at the time, later was a Loyalist and was imprisoned during the Revolutionary War.22; 23 It is these last advertisements that are so important as pieces of evidence, because in these two, Andrew's other name, his spiritual name, "Anthony", was used and they also acknowledged he was from Lancaster. This not only establishes him as actually being from the immigrant Bushong family, but more importantly, they establish his full name, "Anthony Andrew Bushong". In the original German spelling, "Anton Andreas Boschung".29 As will be seen, "Anthony" ties back in later. But Andrew had an opportunity to clear himself of the charges, after July 2, 1747, when this advertisement was published in the Pennsylvania Gazette...
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"Notice Deserters from Albany's four PA Companies will be pardoned if they return before 10th of August{1747}."19
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1749 - More Land Warrants in Derry
The three land warrants were issued, July 21 1749, and were in the Derry Township, Lancaster County, (later Dauphin County), for 37, 100, and 146 acres.30; 31; 30 A few of weeks prior to receiving the warrants, Andrew was in Lampeter Township, Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, where on June 5, 1749, he witnessed his uncle Hans Bushong's, (the immigrant) will. He reportedly made his mark with a letter "A".33
Between 1747 and 1753 Andrew and Maria had a another son, Andrew Jr. The birth records for Andrew Jr., have not been found, but like future son Valentine, his relationship is implied in land records from Montgomery County, Virginia, occurring between 1782 to 1801, as well as interactions with his brother George in 1797.34 It might be worth mentioning there are a couple of non-sourced references to Andrew Junior's birth in 1749, which would fit into the time-line. But as the 1740s close, we leave Andrew, as a land owner in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania. There would be no further mention of an Andrew Bushong, until 1754, when a ship arrived, a few miles outside of Pennsylvania, in Delaware. But was it the same Andrew, who was on that ship?
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A survey map, in Lancaster County, (later Dauphin County), for one of Andrew's 1749 land warrants. To see other survey maps, click here.
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This Article is Copyright ©2013 and ©2018 by Rick Bushong and Commercial Use is Prohibited.
Non-commercial use is permitted if copyright information is included.
References: Part 1 - Anthony Andrew Bushong, Germany to Pennsylvania.
- Waldfischbach Church Records, Kaiserslautern District, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany, search here
- Register zum 1. Kirchenbuch der Reformierten Pfarrei Waldfischbach (Holzlandkirchenbuch) 1684 - 1721. (Register for the 2nd church book of the Reformed parish Waldfischbach), published 1988, in Zweibrücken by the publisher Zweibrücker Association for Family Research, by Dietmar Meyer. Compliments of the author.
- Register zum 2. Kirchenbuch der Reformierten Pfarrei Waldfischbach (Holzlandkirchenbuch) 1721 - 1755 (1757). (Register for the 2nd church book of the Reformed parish Waldfischbach), published 1986, in Zweibrücken by the publisher Zweibrücker Association for Family Research, by Dietmar Meyer. Compliments of the author.
- Daniel Beinbrech, his ancestors and his descendants, published 1990, page 78.
- A Collection of Upwards of Thirty Thousand Names of German, Swiss, Dutch, French and Other Immigrants in Pennsylvania, page 85.:
http://www.archive.org/stream/collectionofupwa00rupp#page/84/mode/2up
- Pennsylvania Gazette, Published: November 23 1732, compliments of the National Archives, text here.
- The Diffusion of Influenza: Patterns and Paradigms, by Gerald F. Pyle. Published 1986. Page 25, viewable, here.
- Warrantee's of Land in the Several Counties of the State of Pennsylvania, By Pennsylvania Land Office, page 355 Hans Burham 200 acres surveyed Feb 27 1734. source: http://books.google.com/books?id=UEQOAAAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover&vq=bushong#v=onepage&q=bushong&f=false
- Bushong Bulletin Vol. 1, No 4. , page 2, by Judy Cassidy -Andreas Birshing is listed in Lancaster County, PA Warrant of Land or Patent, adjoining Hans Busham of the county of Lancaster, granted 200 acres land near the Mill Creek adjoining Andreas Birshing, 1734. No.18. Another mentions Nipleys heirs, buy lands of Henry Strickler, containing 34 acres a part of the 200 tract of land of Andreas Bushoin.
- Underage Land Ownership
- COMMENTARIES ON THE LAWS OF England.
By William Blackstone, Esq. Vinerian Professor of Law and Solictor General to Her Majesty. M. DCC. LXV.
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Discussion of Andrew's underage property ownership article on
RootsWeb
- Martin Meixel's Will transcription.
- Andrew baptizes or christens, son John Henry From: Pennsylvania, Births and Christening's, 1709-1950", in the First Reformed Church, Lancaster, Lancaster County, PA, on 17 Feb 1745 FamilySearch.org
- Sources & Documents of Pennsylvania German Society, by Frederick Weiser, 1981. As published in the Bushong Bulletin Vol.1, No 4., page 2, by Judy Cassidy.
- Muster Rolls, Etc., 1743-1787, edited by Thomas Lynch Montgomery. Page 6.
"Capt John Deimer's[sic] returns of his Company, specifying the day of each man's enlistment"
Bartram, Andrew, 28, Aug 5 (1746) Switzerland, a cooper.
Source: http://books.google.com/books?id=RkUOAAAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover
- Service in Capt Diemer's Co.: Pennsylvania Archives, 5th Series, Vol. 1, page 6.
- Pennsylvania News Paper Extracts: http://www.newspaperabstracts.com/link.php?action=detail&id=60905
- Abstracts From the Pennsylvania Gazette, editor Ben Franklin, 1728-1748, by Kenneth Scott, 1975, page 587. As published in the Bushong Bulletin Vol.1, No 4., page 2, by Judy Cassidy.
- Historical Papers and Addresses of the Lancaster County, Volume 22, page 25 Published 1918. http://books.google.com/books?id=rQUMAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover
- Wikipedia: King George's War
- The Life of Benjamin Franklin, Volume 2: Printer and Publisher, 1730-1747
By J. A. Leo Lemay; Published 2006: page 314.William Franklin in Capt. Diemer's Company
- French Perceptions of the Early American Republic 1783-1793
By William Bell Jr. Published 1997, Page 221: William Franklin In Capt. Diemer's Company
- Maria Julian Buschun "Pennsylvania, Births and Christening's, 1709-1950" Born 05 Sep 1746, Cocalico, Lancaster, Pennsylvania to Andreas Buschun and Mary Catrina. FamilySearch.org
- Pennsylvania News Paper Extracts:Pennsylvania Gazette Sept 11, 1746
- Pennsylvania News Paper Extracts: http://www.newspaperabstracts.com/link.php?action=detail&id=60905
- Extracts for Pennsylvania Gazette http://founders.archives.gov/documents/Franklin/01-03-02-0102
- Extracts for Pennsylvania Gazette - Full May 7th 1746 ad http://cowaro.com/Genealogy/Surname_file/Campbell.html
- Wikipedia: Anton, given name
- Land Warrants for 146 and 37 acres in 1749: Pennsylvania Bureau of Land Records, documents #A-45-117 and #A-44-76. As published in the Bushong Bulletin, Vol.1, No 4., page 2, by Judy Cassidy
- Land Warrant for 100 acres in 1749: Warranties of Land in the Several Counties of the State of Pennsylvania, By Pennsylvania Land Office, Lancaster County, page 366: Derry Township: Bushoin, Andrew, 100; July 21, 1749. http://books.google.com/books?id=UEQOAAAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false
- Land Warrant for 100 acres in 1749: History of the counties of Dauphin and Lebanon, in the commonwealth of Pennsylvania. published 1883, page 25: Derry Township: Bushoin, Andrew, 100; July 21, 1749. http://archive.org/stream/cu31924028852675#page/n53/mode/2up
- Will of John Bushong: Source Lancaster Co. PA, Wills. As published in the Bushong Bulletin Vol.1, No. 4., page 2, by Judy Cassidy, full version published Vol. 15, No. 1, pages 3-4
- Deed Book C:612, Oct. 24, 1801 Andrew Bushong to Michael Lower,
Consideration 280L Andrew Bushong Jr., 1797 with George and 1801 Montgomery Land Sale
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